Opal software for programmable array logic

Different GAL modes are evaluated automatically to fit a design into the device. Instead Small-PAL mode is used. The trade-off is that the clock and OE pins are not used. When supplied with a device selection file using the -d selfile option on the command line, or CHIP design selfile in the equation file , the module will attempt to fit the equation file design into each of the devices listed in the selection file.

This is available for all devices, except for the MAPL devices, which have their own fitter. The name of any device that fits will be printed to the screen. The fitting status for every device will be written to the log file. Device utilization statistics and pin assignments will also be written to the log file for any device that fits.

Synopsis: eqn2jed [options] eqnfile where eqnfile is the equations file. The default extension is. Options: -b Select old versions of the 16V8 and 20V8 devices. The selfile has a default extension of. Default extension is. The pin list in the original EQN file if any is no longer valid. If the -f option fails to assign the pins, it does not mean that there is no solution. The list file contains a listing of the equation source file with all warning and error messages at the corresponding lines.

Without this option, unused sections of the device are not programmed, which results in a smaller JEDEC map. This is often desirable since the program appends to the log file, if it exists, and it can become quite large after a number of successful calls to the module. If no -o option is specified, the input file name is used with the extension.

If only hexadecimal characters are used, it will use a hexadecimal representation 4 bits per character. Each individual vector is tested to ensure that vector characters are valid for the pins they are assigned to. This feature ensures that vectors are defined correctly, however, it does not perform any simulation to ensure that the vector has the correct output response for the given inputs.

JED, by default. As specified by the options, pin declaration and assignment will be done automatically and no diagnostic messages will be displayed on the screen. Also, the device specified in the equation file will be overridden by the GAL16V8.

When the design is converted to the GAL22V10, a product term tristate will be used instead; this may produce some timing differences. The option? Options: -b Debug mode to show intermediate diagnostics. This option will show all of the other modules which are executed, as well as keep all intermediate files. This option should be used whenever converting to a GAL22V Note that no check is done to ensure the correctness of the vectors. Observing the labels makes it easy to determine if the pin is used as a dedicated input, combinatorial or registered output, and whether or not the output is used as feedback into the device.

It is recommended that the -d option be used to avoid potential conflicts between the device name and any comments which may exist in the JEDEC file. If the number of labels is equivalent to the number of pins on the device and none of the labels have pin numbers assigned to them, it is assumed that the labels have consecutive pin numbers beginning from 1.

Options: -a Select the alternate operator set for output:! If the -o option is not specified, the jedfile name is used with the extension of. The input is the JED file called gates. The output file will default to gates. And, the device in the equation file will be PAL12H6. Input 2. Output 3. Feedback 4. Node 5. Statebit not supported by OPALjr. Inputs define the signals that go into a design while outputs define the signals that leave a design.

Both inputs and outputs are unidirectional signals. Feedbacks define signals that are both inputs and outputs bidirectional. The ILMC is provided to store a fast changing input for later use by the device.

Therefore, the node is an input to the AND array of the device. A register will be between the node and the input pin and a register can be between a feedback and the OR array. In this case the software will divide the input functions into j input and k input. It will also use default clock, and reset or preset.

For example: o1. It also has six input pins so that a new value can be loaded into the register. The operation of the shift register is controlled by the input signals SR and SL. Table shows the behavior of the design. The source file begins with the design header, which usually describes the design and its author.

The header is different from comments in two ways. NOTE: Don't use the keyword chip in the header or comments. In this case, a device has not yet been selected, so unknown is entered so as not to forget to specify the -d devicename option to EQN2JED later on. The next portion lists the pins which are used. In this case, not all pins were included e. A partial pin list specifies the order in which you would like the pins to appear; this is useful for buses or groups of related signals, such as in this example.

The label define is used for declaring common subexpressions. Using the define statement as shown, we only need to type Hold. Since the define statement simply replaces the symbol with the supplied string, particular care should be taken with OR-terms, which have higher precedence than AND-terms.

In addition, it is possible to specify a user electronic signature ues for GAL devices, and declare input identifiers to be latched ilch or registered ireg on the GAL within the declaration section. This is discussed in Appendix C and shown in the included examples. It is described using standard sum-of-products notation XOR is also valid. The list of operators is described in Section C. The former describes a combinatorial asynchronous assignment, and the latter is for registered synchronous with the clock assignment.

Both are used in this design. If the design were to be programmed on a device with active-high outputs, these symbols would not be included. The command to execute this is as follows: eqn2jed [options] eqnfile The default extension of the eqnfile is. Many flags and options can also be included to override default values or direct the process refer to Section 9. Since the EQN source file has no device specified, a -d option with a device name must be supplied on the command line.

A PAL16R6 is the target device. Pin numbers were also not defined in the original source file, so the -f flag must be specified to enable an automatic pin assignment. Since we supplied a partial pin list, the -f option will attempt to assign pins in the order listed. It is listed above. This file contains the pin types and labels, and it will document the usage of product resources. A listing file with the extension. It contains a source listing excluding comments. It will also show all warnings and error messages in their appropriate location.

The user can view these files directly and experiment with them as suggested here. Table provides a summary of the examples and their illustrated features. An appropriate device for this design is the PAL16R6. This is useful if the device to be programmed is known. It is used as an intermediate file for the design test vectors. This line indicates that the file was translated from a vector block in the OPAL design language. This number is followed by a list of that many signal labels.

Following this is a number to indicate the number of labels in the bus, followed by a list of that many signal labels. PROBE statement. The remainder of the file is made up of the test vectors.

For example, there must be 20 test conditions defined within every vector for a 20 pin device. The VEC file format only includes the symbols thatyou are interested in testing. Two special symbols can be used to repeat test vectors. It has three components 1. Header 2. Declaration block 3. There are two types of comments. This will be passed on to a similar header if one is available of the output file.

Following that is an optional pin list and directives. The chip name is a name for the design. The device name is the target device for the logic design. An optional list of pin identifier names follows the device name. After the physical pins, the buried pins if there are any on the device, are listed. If there is no pin list, or a partial pin list, or a pin list complete or partial with some of the labels having pin numbers assigned, then it is an error unless an automatic pin assignment feature is invoked to assign the pins automatically.

Any assigned pin numbers greater than the number of external pins on the device are assumed to be buried. There are five directives being used currently. Particular care should be taken with the define statement.

Using OR or XOR terms in the replacement string may not produce the expected behavior, since define blindly substitutes the replacement string for the symbol and the OR operator takes precedence over the AND operator. The equations assign the value of an expression to a signal. The LHS of the equation consists of a signal name. A label that is an input only cannot appear on the LHS of the equation. The RHS of an equation is a logical expression that evaluates to a single value.

The logical expression must be described using the sum-of-products form, but must be reduced. The use of parentheses for grouping is not permitted. To use these devices within a design, enter the device name exactly as shown below. Shortened forms of the name can be used if there is only one version of that device; for example, 16R8 can be used instead of PAL16R8. To determine the status of any old devices, contact your National representative. Whenever an appropriate signal has been specified as buried and there are no pins available, the signal may be assigned to a buried register.

In some cases, such as for the page bits on the MAPL devices, the designer may wish to assign a signal to a specific buried register. Each buried register has been assigned a number which can be treated as if it were a pin within OPAL.

The buffered input registers in the MAPL2 devices are used only in double-buffered input mode and refers to the output of the D-register nearer to the external pin. In addition, if the register type is known and is a DE or JK register, the designer may want to convert a register-independent expression into its register-dependent form for maximal implementation efficiency.

Error messages, which begin with the character E. These are problems which will cause the program to fail or will result in incorrect output. Warning messages, which begin with the character W.

These are messages which alert the designer to possible problems in the design or in operation of the program. Information messages, which begin with the character I. These are messages which give the designer additional information about the processing of the design or operation of the program. The four digits following the message type identifier are a unique number which indexes additional information in the following error list. In addition, the error number should be specified in any software bug reports.

Since these files were generated automatically, file format errors should not occur. Models are described graphically, following a precise format based on a library of blocks. RT-XSG uses Simulink to define models that will be converted into configuration data for the targeted platform.

It is expected that you have a clear understanding of Simulink operation, particularly regarding the model definition and the model various simulation parameters. Xilinx, Inc. Please refer to the Vivado Design Suite documentation for information on each specific component.

Some of the supported platforms enable the creation of VHDL-only model descriptions. Detailed information on the use of this feature can be found in the specific platform RT-XSG documentation. RT-LAB is a distributed real-time platform that facilitates the design process for engineering systems by allowing engineers to transform their Simulink dynamic models to real-time to hardware-in-the-loop simulations in a very short time at a low cost.

Its scalability allows the developer to add compute power where and when needed. It is flexible enough to be applied to the most complex simulation and control problem, whether it is for real-time hardware-in-the-loop applications or for speeding up model execution, control, and test.

RT-LAB provides tools for running simulations of highly complex models on a network of distributed run-time targets, communicating via ultra-low-latency technologies, in order to achieve the required performance. Here, the inputs of OR gates are also programmable. So, we can program any number of required product terms, since all the outputs of AND gates are applied as inputs to each OR gate.

The corresponding PLA is shown in the following figure. All these product terms are available at the inputs of each programmable OR gate.

But, only program the required product terms in order to produce the respective Boolean functions by each OR gate. Gowthami Swarna. Asif Hussain. John Shea. Raghu Pandey. Sebastian Sulinski. Juan Galvan. Programmable Logic Devices Advertisements. Previous Page. Next Page. Useful Video Courses. Digital Electronics Lectures More Detail. Previous Page Print Page.